Original Linden jizhi club　

introduction

The spread of false information has posed a considerable threat to public health and the successful control of global epidemics. Studies have found that exposure to false information may reduce the willingness to vaccinate and comply with public health guidelines. The review paper published in Nature Medicine on March 10th summarized three key directions of information Infodemic: susceptibility, transmission and immunity. It is found that although people will be deceived by false information because of negligence of information accuracy, social and political beliefs and identity structure will also affect whether it is easy to believe false information. This paper further discusses the spread of false information in social networks, and the measures to improve psychological immunity against false information. Sander van der Linden is a professor of psychology at Cambridge University, UK. His research field is social and public psychology. This paper is a full-text translation of the thesis.

Research fields: information epidemic, network communication model, false information, COVID-19 rumors, psychological prevention.

Sander van der Linden | Author

Guo Ruidong | translator

Liu Zhihang and Liang Jin | Review

Deng Yixue | Editor

Thesis title:

Misinformation: susceptibility, spread, and interventions to immunize the public

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01713-6

catalogue

abstract

Introduction to false information research

I. Susceptibility

Second, communication

Third, immunity

summary

abstract

The spread of false information has posed a considerable threat to public health and the successful control of global epidemics. Studies have found that exposure to false information may reduce the willingness to vaccinate and comply with public health guidelines. The recent review paper of Nature Medicine summarizes three key directions of information Infodemic: susceptibility, transmission and immunity. Existing research has evaluated the following three questions: why some people are more susceptible to false information, how false information spreads in online social networks, and what intervention measures can help improve psychological immunity to false information. This paper discusses the significance of existing research to stop the information epidemic.

Introduction to false information research

At the beginning of 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the world was falling into an information Infodemic. The information epidemic is characterized by information overload, especially full of false and misleading information. Although researchers have discussed the impact of fake news on major social events (such as political elections), the spread of false information is more likely to cause significant harm to public health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, studies in different countries/regions show that supporting COVID-19’s false information is closely related to people’s unwillingness to follow public health guidelines [4,5,6,7], reduce vaccination and recommend vaccines to others. Experimental evidence shows that exposure to false information about vaccination will reduce the willingness of those who claim that they "will definitely accept the vaccine" by about 6%, thus weakening the group immune potential of the vaccine [8]. The analysis of social network data estimates that if there is no intervention, anti-vaccination content on social platforms such as Facebook will dominate in the next decade. Other studies have found that exposure to false information about COVID-19 is related to the increased tendency to ingest harmful substances and participate in violence. Of course, long before the COVID-19 pandemic, false information had already posed a threat to public health. The connection between the exposed MMR vaccine and autism is related to the significant decline in vaccination coverage in the UK. Listerine manufacturers lied that their mouthwash can cure the common cold for decades.False information about tobacco products has influenced people’s attitudes towards smoking. In 2014, the Ebola clinic in Liberia was attacked because people mistakenly thought that the virus was part of a government conspiracy.

In view of the unprecedented scale and speed of the spread of false information on the Internet, researchers are increasingly relying on epidemiological models to understand the spread of false news. In these models, the key focus is the reproductive number (R0)-in other words, the number of people who start publishing fake news (i.e. regenerative cases) after contacting people who have published false information (infectious individuals). Therefore, it is helpful to imagine false information as a viral pathogen, which can infect the host and spread rapidly from one person to another in a given network without physical contact. One advantage of this epidemiological method is that an early detection system can be designed to identify super communicators, so that intervention measures can be deployed in time to curb the spread of viral false information [18].

This review will provide readers with a conceptual overview of the latest literature on false information and a research agenda (Box 1), which includes three main theoretical dimensions consistent with virus analogy: susceptibility, transmission and immunity.

Box1 Future research agenda and suggestions

Research question 1: What factors make people easily misled by false information?

Better combine the accuracy drive with social, political and cultural motives to explain people’s susceptibility to wrong information.

Define, develop and validate standardized tools for assessing susceptibility to false information in general and specific fields.

Research Question 2: How does false information spread in social networks?

Draw a clearer outline of the conditions to what extent "exposure" leads to "infection", including the influence of repeated exposure, the positioning of local audience of fake news on social media, the contact with super communicators, the role of echo chamber, and the structure of social network itself.

By (1) capturing more different types of false information, and (2) linking different types of fake news risks on traditional and social media platforms, we can provide more accurate risk estimation of false information exposure at the population level.

Research question 3: Can we take measures for people or protect them from false information?

Focus on evaluating the relative effectiveness of different debunking methods in this field, and how to combine debunking (therapeutic) with preventive intervention measures to maximize its protection performance.

Modeling and evaluating how psychological inoculation (intervention) methods spread on the Internet and affect the sharing behavior on social media and in the real world.

Before reviewing the existing literature to help answer these questions, it is necessary to briefly discuss the meaning of the word "misinformation", because inconsistent definitions not only affect the conceptualization of research design, but also affect the nature and effectiveness of key outcome measurement. In fact, false information is called an all-encompassing concept [20], not only because of different definitions, but also because the behavioral consequences to public health may vary according to the types of false information. The word "fake news" is often considered problematic because it does not fully describe all kinds of false information, and it has become a politicized rhetorical device. Box 2 discusses the different academic definitions of false information in more detail, but for the purpose of this review, I will simply define false information in the broadest possible sense: "false or misleading information disguised as legitimate news", regardless of its intention. Although false information is usually different from false information, because it involves obvious intention to deceive or hurt others, and the intention may be difficult to determine, so in this review, my handling of false information will cover both intentional and unintentional forms of false information.

The Challenge of Box2 in Defining and Manipulating False Information

One of the most frequently cited definitions of false information is "fabricated information that imitates the content of news media in form, but does not imitate it in organizational process or intention" [119]. This definition means that the important factor that determines whether a story is false information is the news or editing process. Other definitions also reflect similar views, that is, producers of false information do not abide by editing norms, and the defining attribute of "falsity" occurs at the publisher level, not at the story level. However, others hold a completely different view, and they define false information either from the perspective of the authenticity of the content or from the perspective of whether there are common technologies used to make the content [109].

It can be said that some definitions are too narrow, because news reports do not need to be completely wrong to be misleading. A very prominent example comes from the Chicago Tribune, a widely trusted media, which republished an article entitled "A healthy doctor died two weeks after COVID-19 vaccine injection" in January 2021. This story will not be classified as false because of its source or content, because these events are true when considered separately. However, at the time of publication, there is no evidence to prove this causal relationship, so it is extremely misleading and even considered immoral to think that the doctor died because he was injected with COVID-19 vaccine. This is an unremarkable example. In early 2021, it was viewed more than 50 million times on Facebook [121].

Another potential challenge to the definition based on content is that when the consensus of experts on a public health problem is rapidly formed and influenced by uncertainty and change, the definition of what may be true or false may change over time, making the oversimplified classification of "true" and "false" a potentially unstable attribute. For example, although the news media initially claimed that ibuprofen would add symptoms of re-crown, this statement was later withdrawn as more evidence appeared. The problem is that researchers often ask people whether they can accurately or reliably identify a series of true or false news headlines, which are either created by researchers according to different definitions of false information or screened by them.

There are also differences in the measurement of the results; Sometimes, the relevant result measurement standard is the susceptibility of false information, and sometimes it is the difference between true and false news detection, or the so-called "truth recognition". The only existing tool to use the title set verified by psychometrics is the recent "false information susceptibility test", which is a measurement method for news authenticity recognition and standardized according to the test group. On the whole, this means that hundreds of new special studies on false information are emerging, and the results are not standardized and not always easy to compare.

I. Susceptibility

Although people use many cognitive heuristics to judge the truth of a claim (for example, the credibility of the perceived source), there is a particularly prominent discovery that can help explain why people are easily influenced by false information. This discovery is called the "illusory truth effect": repeated assertions are more likely to be judged as true than non-repeated (or novel) assertions. Because mass media, politicians and social media influencers often repeat many false facts, the credibility of illusory truth has greatly increased. For example, the conspiracy theory that Covid-19 was made by bioengineering in a military laboratory in Wuhan, China, and the false statement that "COVID-19 is no worse than the flu" have repeatedly appeared in the media. People tend to think that repeated claims are correct. The main cognitive mechanism is called processing fluency: the more a claim is repeated, the more familiar it becomes and the easier it is to deal with. In other words, the brain uses fluency as a signal to show the truth. The research shows that: (1) prior contact with fake news will increase its perceived accuracy; (2) For specious claims, illusory truth may appear; (3) Transcendental knowledge may not protect people from illusory truth; (4) Unreal truth does not seem to be influenced by the way of thinking, such as analytical or intuitive reasoning.

Although illusory truth can affect everyone, research shows that some people are still more susceptible to false information than others. For example, some common findings include the observation that the elderly are more susceptible to fake news, which may be caused by factors such as cognitive decline and unfamiliarity with digital technology, although there are exceptions: facing COVID-19, the elderly seem unlikely to recognize false information. Those with more extreme and right-wing political tendencies have always shown that they are more susceptible to false information, even if it is non-political. However, in different cultural backgrounds, the connection between ideology and being misled is not always consistent. Other factors, such as higher numerical operation ability, cognitive and analytical thinking mode [36,40,41], are negatively related to the susceptibility to false information, although other scholars have identified partisanship as a potential regulatory factor [42,43,44]. In fact, these individual differences lead to two competing overall theoretical explanations of why people are easily misled. The first theory is usually called the classic "negligence" (inattention) theory; The second theory is usually called "identity protection" or "motivational cognition" theory. I will discuss the new evidence of these two theories in turn.

1.1 negligence explanation

Inattention account or classical reasoning theory holds that people are committed to sharing accurate content, but the social media environment will distract people’s attention and make them unable to make a decision to share news according to their preference for accuracy. For example, considering that people are often bombarded by online news content, most of which are emotional and political, and people have limited time and resources to think about the authenticity of a news, it may seriously interfere with their ability to accurately analyze these contents. The explanation of inattention draws lessons from the dual-process theory of human cognition, that is, people rely on two essentially different reasoning processes. They are system 1, which is mainly automatic, associative and intuitive, and system 2, which is more reflective, analytical and thoughtful. A typical example is the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), which gives a series of difficult problems. When faced with these difficult problems, people’s intuition or first answer is often wrong, and the correct answer requires people to stop and think more carefully. The basic point is that activating more analytical system type 2 reasoning can transcend the wrong system type 1 intuition. The evidence of negligent explanation comes from the fact that those who scored higher on CRT tests [36,41], those with stronger thinking ability [48] and those with stronger mathematical ability [4],People with higher knowledge and education [37,49] can better distinguish between true and false news [36] regardless of whether the news content is consistent politically. In addition, experimental intervention measures enable people to better think analytically or consider the accuracy of news content [50,51]. It has been proved that these measures can improve people’s decision-making quality of sharing news and reduce people’s acceptance of conspiracy theories [52].

1.2 Motivation reasoning explanation

In sharp contrast to negligence, the theory of (political) motivation reasoning [53,54,55] holds that lack of information or reflective reasoning is not the main driving force for susceptibility to false information. Motivational reasoning occurs when a person starts the reasoning process with a predetermined goal (for example, someone may want to believe that the vaccine is unsafe because their family members share this belief), so the individual will interpret new (false) information to achieve that goal. Therefore, the motivated reasoning account holds that people’s loyalty to groups that have affinity with them is the reason why they selectively approve media content that can strengthen deep-rooted political, religious or social identity. There are several variants of politically motivated reasoning, but the basic premise is that people pay attention not only to the accuracy of news content, but also to the goals that this information may serve. For example, when a fake news happens to provide positive information about someone’s political group or negative information about a political opponent, the news will be regarded as more credible. A more extreme and scientifically controversial version of this model, also known as "motivated numeracy" [59], shows more reflection and analysis, that is, the reasoning ability of System 2 can’t help people make more accurate assessments, but in fact it is often hijacked to serve identity-based reasoning.The evidence of this statement comes from the fact that on controversial scientific issues, such as climate change [60] or stem cell research [61], people with the highest computing ability and education level have the greatest differences. Experiments also show that when people are asked to make causal inferences about a data problem (such as the benefits of a new rash treatment), people with strong computing skills perform better on non-political issues. In contrast, when the same data is presented as a new research result of gun control, people become more extreme and inaccurate. These patterns are more obvious in people with higher computing power. Other studies have found that politically conservative individuals are more likely to (wrongly) judge false information from conservative media than from free media, and vice versa for political liberals-which highlights the key role of politics in distinguishing the truth from the false information [62].

1.3 Susceptibility: Limitations and Future Research

It is worth mentioning that both of these statements are facing great criticism and restrictions. For example, the independent replication experiment of intervention measures aimed at improving accuracy revealed different results [63], and questioned the conceptualization of partisan bias in these studies [43], including the possibility that the intervention effect was influenced by people’s political identity [44]. On the other hand, there are several failed and inconsistent repeated experiments in motivation reasoning theory [64,65,66]. For example, a national representative large-scale study in the United States shows that although the polarization of global warming among party members with the highest education level at the baseline level is indeed the most serious, by emphasizing the scientific consensus on global warming [66], experimental intervention measures offset or even reverse this influence. These findings lead to a greater confusion. In the literature of motivational reasoning, partisanship may only be due to selective contact, not motivational reasoning [66,67,68]. This is because the role of politics is confused with people’s previous beliefs. Although people are polarized on many issues, it does not mean that they are unwilling to update their (misguided) beliefs based on evidence. In addition, people may refuse to update their beliefs, not because they refuse the motivation reasoning of information, but simply because they think that the information is not credible, or because they ignore the authenticity of the information source or the content itself. This "equivalence paradox"[69] makes it difficult for us to separate the accuracy from the preference based on motivation.

Therefore, future research should not only carefully manipulate people’s motivation to deal with politically inconsistent (false) information, but also provide a more comprehensive theoretical explanation of the susceptibility to false information. For example, for political fake news, identity motivation may be more prominent; However, mechanisms such as lack of knowledge, negligence or confusion are more likely to play a role in dealing with false information about depoliticized issues (such as lies about treating the common cold). Of course, public health issues such as Covid-19 may be politicized relatively quickly. In this case, the importance of motivational reasoning in aggravating the susceptibility to false information may increase. Accuracy preference and motivation reasoning often conflict. For example, people may understand that a news story is unlikely to be true, but if false information promotes the goals of their social groups, they may be more inclined to give up their desire for accuracy and pursue motives that conform to their community norms. In other words, in any particular context, the importance people attach to accuracy and social goals will determine how and when they update their beliefs based on false information. When explaining why people are easily influenced by false information, paying attention to the interaction between accuracy and social and political goals can gain many benefits.

Second, communication

2.1 Measuring the information epidemic

Back to the analogy with viruses, researchers adopted epidemiological models, such as susceptibility-infection-rehabilitation (SIR) model, to measure and quantify the spread of false information in online social networks. In this case, R0 often represents those who start publishing fake news after contacting people who have been infected. When R0 is greater than 1, false information will increase exponentially and spread to form an information epidemic. When R0 is less than 1, the information epidemic will eventually die out. The analysis of social media platforms shows that all these platforms are likely to promote the spread of similar information epidemics, but some platforms are more likely than others. For example, research on Twitter found that fake news is 70% more likely to be shared than real news, and it takes six times as long for real news to spread to 1,500 people. Although fake news spreads faster and deeper than real news, it must be emphasized that these findings are based on a relatively narrow definition of news after fact checking. Recent studies have pointed out that these estimates are likely to be related to the platform.

More importantly, some studies have shown that fake news usually represents only a small part of all media consumption, and the spread of false information on social media is highly distorted. A small number of accounts are responsible for sharing and consuming most of the content, and these accounts are also called "super sharers" and "super consumers" [3,24,73]. Although most of these studies came from the political field, they also found very similar results in the context of COVID-19’s popularity. During this period, the super communicators on Twitter and Facebook had a great influence on the platform. One of the main problems is the existence of echo chamber, in which the flow of information is often systematically biased towards like-minded people. Although the infection of echo chamber is controversial, the research shows that the existence of this polarized group encourages the spread of false information and hinders the spread of error correction information.

2.2 Contact does not mean infection.

Contact estimation based on social media data is often inconsistent with people’s self-reported experiences. According to different opinion polls, more than one third of people report frequent contact with false information (if not daily contact). Of course, the effectiveness of people’s self-reported experiences may be different, but it raises the question of the accuracy of contact estimation, which is often based on limited public data and may be sensitive to model assumptions. In addition, a key factor to consider here is that contact does not mean persuasion (or "infection"). For example, the study of news headlines in COVID-19 shows that people’s judgment on the authenticity of headlines has little influence on their sharing intention. Therefore, people may choose to share false information for reasons other than accuracy. For example, a recent study found that people often share content that looks "if it is really interesting". This study shows that although people think fake news is not accurate enough, they think fake news is more interesting than real news, so they are willing to share it.

2.3 Communication: Limitations and Future Research

The research on "communication" faces great limitations, including the key gap in knowledge. People are skeptical about the ratio from contact with false information to beginning to truly believe false information, because the research on media and persuasion effect shows that it is difficult to convince people with traditional advertisements. However, the existing research often uses artificial laboratory designs, which may not fully represent the decision-making environment for people to make news sharing. For example, studies often test whether false information from different societies and traditional media spreads after one-time contact with a single information. Therefore, we need to better understand the frequency and intensity of contact with false information that eventually leads to persuasion. Most studies also rely on publicly available data shared or clicked by people, but people may be exposed to more information and more influenced by information when scrolling social media streams. In addition, fake news is usually conceptualized as a URL list that is verified to be true or false by facts, but this type of fake news only represents a small part of false information; People may be more likely to encounter misleading or manipulative content than obvious false content. Finally, micro-targeting efforts will greatly improve the ability of false information makers to identify and lock in the most easily persuaded individual subgroups [83]. In short, more research is needed to draw an accurate and effective conclusion on the possibility of infection (that is, persuasion) caused by horizontal exposure to false information.

Third, immunity

A rapidly emerging research direction is to evaluate the possibility of protecting the public from false information at the cognitive level. I will classify these studies according to whether their application is mainly prevention (pre-exposure) or treatment (post-exposure).

3.1 Treatment: fact checking and revealing the truth.

Traditional and standard methods to deal with false information usually include correcting lies after people have been persuaded by a piece of false information. For example, revealing false information about autism intervention measures has been proved to be effective in reducing support for treatments without evidence support (such as dieting) [84]. Access to the court-mandated corrective advertisements on the link between smoking and diseases in the tobacco industry [85] can increase knowledge and reduce misunderstandings about smoking. In a randomized controlled trial, a video effectively debunks several misunderstandings about vaccination and reduces some influential misunderstandings, such as the misconceptions that vaccines can cause autism or reduce the strength of the natural immune system. Meta-analysis unanimously found that the intervention measures of fact checking and revealing the truth are effective, including cracking down on false information that is harmful to health on social media.

However, not all medical misunderstandings can be corrected equally. In fact, these analyses also point out that the effectiveness of intervention will decline significantly with the following factors: (1) the quality of refutation, (2) the passage of time, and (3) previous beliefs and ideologies. For example, the above-mentioned studies on autism and smoking correction advertisements were ineffective after 1 week and 6 weeks of follow-up, respectively. When designing corrections, it is usually not enough to simply mark information as false or incorrect, because correcting false information through simple withdrawal can’t make people understand why information is false and what the facts are. Therefore, the advice to practitioners is often to write more detailed materials to expose the truth. A review of the literature shows that [91,92], the best practices of designing and debunking false information include:

1. Tell the truth first;

2. Appeal to scientific consensus and authoritative expert resources;

3. Ensure that the correction is easy to obtain and is no more complicated than the original false information;

4. Clearly explain why false information is false;

5. Provide a coherent alternative causal explanation (Figure 1).

Although there is a general lack of comparative research, some recent studies show that optimizing the way to expose information according to these criteria will improve the effect compared with other or business-as-usual methods [84].

　

Figure 1. Best practice suggestions for effectively exposing false information. An effective information to expose the truth should start with facts and be presented in a simple and unforgettable way. Then you should warn the audience about false information (don’t repeat this false information). Then identify and expose the manipulation techniques used to mislead people. Finally, repeat the facts and emphasize the correct explanation.

3.2 Revealing the Truth: Limitations and Future Research

Despite these advances, people still express great concern about the application of this kind of "therapeutic" correction afterwards, especially the risk of "backfire effect", and people eventually believe more false information because of the correction. This counterproductive effect can occur through two potential dimensions [92,93], one of which involves the psychological response to correction itself (backfire effect of "world outlook"), and the other involves the repetition of false information (backfire effect caused by "familiarity"). Although early research supports the fact that, for example, correcting false information about influenza and MMR vaccine may make individuals who have been concerned about these things more hesitant about the decision to vaccinate, recent research has found no evidence to prove the backfire effect of this world view. In fact, although the evidence of backfire effect is still widely cited, recent repeated experiments failed to reproduce this effect when correcting false information about vaccines. Therefore, although this effect may exist, its frequency and intensity are not as common as previously thought.

We can also design a way that is consistent with the audience’s worldview rather than conflicting to expose false information, so as to minimize the backfire effect at the worldview level. Nevertheless, because exposing lies means imposing a rhetorical framework on the audience, in this framework, in order to correct false information, it is necessary to repeat these false information (that is, refute other people’s statements), so there is a risk that this repetition will enhance people’s familiarity with false information, and people will not be able to correct it in long-term memory later. Although studies clearly show that people are more likely to believe repeated (false) information than non-repeated (false) information, recent studies have found that the risk of ironically strengthening a false information is relatively small when exposing a lie, especially when the information that exposes the lie is highlighted relative to the false information. Therefore, the current consensus is that although practitioners should be aware of the risk of backfire, considering that these side effects are rare, they should not prevent the release of correction information.

Having said that, there are two other noteworthy problems that limit the effectiveness of the treatment. First of all, retrospective correction will not be known to as many people as the initial false information. For example, it is estimated that only about 40% of smokers have received the correction information ordered by the tobacco industry court [98]. Another related concern is that people will continue to make inferences based on lies even after receiving the corrected information [92]. This phenomenon is called "persistent influence of false information", and meta-analysis has found strong evidence of persistent influence effect in a wide range of situations [88,89].

3.3 Preventive Measures: Psychological Prevention Theory of False Information

Therefore, researchers have recently begun to explore preventive or preemptive measures to deal with false information, that is, to act before individuals come into contact with or reach the "infectious" state. Although "precaution" is a more general term, it is used to refer to the intervention measures that remind people to "think twice before publishing events" [51], but this self-reminding does not enable people to have any new skills to identify and resist false information. The most common framework to prevent harmful persuasion is psychological prevention theory (Figure 2)[100,101].

The theory of psychological prevention follows the medical analogy and assumes that just as vaccines trigger antibody production to help acquire immunity against future infections, this can also be achieved at the information level. By pre-emptive warning and exposing people to seriously weakened false information (plus strong refutation), people can cultivate cognitive resistance to future false information. Psychological prevention theory plays a role through two mechanisms, namely, (1) motive threat (a desire to protect oneself from manipulation attack) and (2) refuting pre-emptive strike (an example of attack weakened by prior contact). For example, the study found that vaccinating people before (rather than after) exposure to conspiracy theories to prevent conspiracy arguments about vaccines effectively increased the willingness to vaccinate. Recent reviews [102,104] and meta-analysis [105] point out that psychological prevention is a powerful strategy, which can gain immunity to false information, and has many applications in the health field, such as helping people form immunity to false information of mammography in breast cancer screening.

　

Figure 2. Psychological prevention includes two core components: (1) warning people in advance that they may be misled (activating the psychological "immune system"); (2) Exposing false information (strategy) in advance, exposing people to seriously weakened false information, coupled with strong counterattack and refutation (producing cognitive "antibodies"). Once people gain immunity, they can indirectly spread the "vaccine" to others through offline and online interaction.

In particular, some recent progress is worth noting. First of all, the field of psychological prevention has shifted from narrow-spectrum or fact-based prevention to broad-spectrum or technology-based immunity [102,108]. The reason behind this change is that although we can synthesize a seriously weakened false information from the existing false information (and then strongly refute this weakened information), it is difficult to expand the scale of psychological prevention if this process must be repeated for every false information. On the contrary, scholars have begun to identify the common components of false information more generally, including impersonating experts and doctors, manipulating people’s emotions with fear, and using conspiracy theories and other techniques. It is found that people can resist these potential routines through psychological prevention, so people’s immunity will be relatively enhanced for a series of false information using these strategies. This process is sometimes called cross-protection. Inoculating people with a strain can prevent related or different strains from adopting the same false information strategy.

The second progress is about the application of active prevention and passive prevention. The traditional prevention process is passive, because people will get specific rebuttal information from experimenters in advance, while the active prevention process encourages people to produce their own "antibodies". Perhaps the most famous example of active prevention is the popular gamification prevention intervention, such as in the games Bad News and GoViral! In [110], the player plays the role of a false information producer, and is influenced by common strategies used to spread false information in a simulated social media environment. As part of this process, players actively generate their own media content and reveal manipulation techniques. It is found that when people (1) realize that they are easily persuaded and (2) perceive improper intentions to manipulate their opinions, they will resist deception. Therefore, these games aim to reveal the vulnerability of people’s cognition and stimulate the spontaneity of individuals by contacting with weak doses of false information in advance, so as to protect themselves from the influence of false information. Randomized controlled trials have found that active prevention games can help people identify false information [38,110,113,114], enhance people’s confidence and insight into the truth [110,113], and reduce the sharing of false information reported by themselves. However, like many biological vaccines, studies have found that psychological immunity will weaken over time, but it can be maintained for several months through regular "booster shots". One of the benefits of this research is that as a member of the World Health Organization,As part of the "Stop The Spread" campaign and the "Verified" initiative of the United Nations and the British government, these gamification interventions have been evaluated and promoted by millions of people.

3.4 Preventive Measures: Limitations and Future Research

One potential limitation is that although false information has appeared repeatedly throughout history (considering the similarity between the false information that vaccinia vaccine will turn people into cattle hybrids and the conspiracy theory that COVID-19 vaccine will change human DNA), psychological prevention really needs at least some advance knowledge about the false information that people may come into contact with in the future. In addition, because medical workers are being trained to fight against false information, it is important to avoid terminology confusion when fighting against vaccine suspicion through psychological prevention. For example, this method can be implemented without a clear analogy with vaccination, focusing on the value of "prevention" and helping people expose manipulation techniques.

Several other important open problems still exist. For example, similar to the recent progress in the application of therapeutic vaccines in experimental medicine: therapeutic vaccines can still enhance the immune response after infection-studies have found that psychological prevention can still protect people from false information even if they have been exposed to false information [108,112,118]. This is conceptually meaningful, because it shows that it may take a long time to repeatedly contact with false information before it can be completely convinced by false information or integrated with previous attitudes. However, there is still no clear conceptual boundary between the transition from therapeutic vaccination to traditional debunking the truth.

In addition, although active prevention and passive prevention are relatively close [105,110], the evidence base of active prevention is still relatively small. Similarly, although studies comparing prevention with debunking the truth show that prevention is indeed better than post-treatment treatment, more comparative studies are needed. The study also found that it is possible for people to post information about psychological prevention on interpersonal or social media. This process is called "post-inoculation talk" [104], which implies the possibility of group immunity in online communities [110], but there is no social network simulation to evaluate the potential of psychological prevention. The current research is also based on self-reported false information sharing. Future research needs to evaluate the extent to which psychological prevention can spread among people and affect the objective news sharing behavior on social media.

summary

The spread of false information undermines the efforts of public health work, from vaccination to public compliance with health protection behaviors. It is found that although people are sometimes deceived by misleading information because of their negligence and insufficient attention to the accuracy of information on social media, the politicized nature of many public health problems shows that people will also strengthen important social and political beliefs and identity structures by doing so, thus believing and sharing false information. We need a more comprehensive framework, which is sensitive to different backgrounds and can explain different susceptibility to false information according to how people give priority to accuracy and social motivation when judging the authenticity of news media. Although "exposure" does not mean "infection", false information can spread rapidly on the Internet, and its spread often benefits from the existence of political echo room. However, it is important that a lot of false information on social media often comes from influential accounts and super communicators. Both therapeutic methods and preventive methods have proved that some success has been achieved in fighting against false information. However, in view of the persistent influence after exposure to false information, preventive methods are of great value, and more research is needed to determine how to best combine exposure and prevention. We should also encourage further research to outline the psychological principles and potential challenges behind the application of epidemiological models to understand the spread of false information. A major challenge in this field in the future will be to clearly define how to measure and conceptualize false information, and to need standardized psychometric tools to better compare the results of various studies.

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Latest papers on complex science

Since the express column of papers in the top journals of Chi Zhi Ban Tu was launched, it has continuously collected the latest papers from top journals such as Nature and Science, and tracked the frontier progress in complex systems, network science, computational social science and other fields.

Original title: Overview of Information Epidemiology: Susceptibility, Dissemination and Immunity of False Information

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　　Beijing, July 23 (Yu Wang) On the 22nd, Beijing time, FINA issued a statement, and decided to warn the Australian Swimming Association and mark houghton for Australian Horton’s refusal to take a photo with Sun Yang at the award ceremony.

　　FINA said that it respects the freedom of speech of athletes, but at the same time, it believes that everyone’s freedom of speech needs to be expressed in the right way.

　　FINA issued a statement and decided to warn the Australian Swimming Association and mark houghton. Image source: FINA official website

　　Can’t afford to lose? Sun Yang won the championship and Horton refused to take a photo.

　　In the men’s 400-meter freestyle final of the World Championships, Sun Yang won the championship in 3 minutes, 42.44 seconds, achieving four consecutive championships in the World Championships. This is Sun Yang’s tenth gold medal in the World Championships, and it is also the most powerful proof that "everything in the competitive arena depends on the results".

　　However, at the award ceremony after the game, Australian Horton, who won the silver medal, once again made much ado about nothing and refused to take a photo with Sun Yang on the podium, which also caused boos from the audience. And Sun Yang also ignored, just laugh it off.

　　For Horton’s rude behavior, Sun Yang responded at the press conference that night: "The award is very sacred. You have thousands of unwillingness, but when you stand on the podium, you can disrespect me, but you must respect China."

　　This series of "storms" did not disturb Sun Yang, who entered the competition state. In the men’s 200m freestyle semi-final held on the evening of 22nd, he advanced to the final with a time of 1 minute 45.31 seconds. Tonight, Populus alba will attack the second gold medal in this World Championships.

　　Helpless! Horton made trouble at the Rio Olympics.

　　In fact, Horton’s unprovoked attack on Sun Yang can even be traced back to the Rio Olympic Games three years ago. At that time, before the men’s 400-meter freestyle final, Sun Yang took the initiative to greet him, but he was coldly greeted by his opponent.

　　What is even more jaw-dropping is that Horton beat Sun Yang to win the gold medal in the subsequent competition. However, after winning the gold medal, he openly attacked Sun Yang and called him a "doping player". Horton’s unprovoked slander immediately caused an uproar.

　　In the men’s 400-meter freestyle swimming in Rio Olympic Games, Sun Yang regretted winning the silver and Horton won the gold medal. Zhongxin.com reporter Futian photo

　　In response to Horton’s behavior, a spokesman for the International Olympic Committee once responded: "The audience wants to see fair, just and open sports events. We hope that athletes will adhere to the Olympic spirit and ask each athlete to respect each other."

　　As a party, Sun Yang immediately replied: "We are not friends". The Chinese Swimming Association also formally notified the Australian Swimming Association and asked Horton to publicly apologize for what he had done.

　　Comfortable! FINA issued a statement warning Horton

　　But this time, FINA’s attitude is even tougher. In their statement, they said: "FINA officials analyzed the situation of the men’s 400-meter freestyle award ceremony and decided to send a warning letter to Australian Swimming Co., Ltd. and its athlete Horton."

　　"FINA respects freedom of speech, but it must be done in an appropriate context. Like all major sports organizations, our athletes and their entourage should understand that they have the responsibility to respect FINA regulations and not to use FINA events to make personal statements or gestures. "

　　Horton refused to take a photo with Sun Yang at the award ceremony. China News Service reporter Han Haidan photo

　　According to the usual practice, only FINA and the World Anti-Doping Agency are responsible for the investigation of doping in swimmers. When FINA decided that there was no violation in Sun Yang and court of arbitration for sports had not held a hearing on doping control in Sun Yang, Horton’s accusation was obviously groundless.

　　Recently, Sun Yang also issued a certificate through his lawyer, demanding that the hearing be made public to prove his innocence. FINA expressed a clear attitude: "Horton’s protest is currently under trial in court of arbitration for sports, and FINA will not comment on it before the hearing."

　　Condemn! Former executive of Australian anti-doping agency: Horton should be severely punished

　　Many people in the industry also criticized Horton’s loss after the game. Richard Inges, the former CEO of the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Administration, is one of them. He said on his personal social media that Horton should be severely punished for this.

　　Richard Inges, former CEO of the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Administration, said Horton should be severely punished.

　　"I’m not a fan of Sun Yang, but a series of things have been clarified before. Therefore, Horton’s failure to stand on the podium should be severely punished. " He wrote.

　　According to the internationally renowned swimming website "Swim Swam", Horton also "suggested" Italian player Deti who won the third place to stand on the podium before the award ceremony, but the Italian said, "I have paid too much for this bronze medal, and I want to stand on the podium."

　　Not only that, Horton also attracted resistance from foreign netizens on social media. Some netizens said: "Sun Yang’s participation in the competition has proved that he is innocent. I don’t understand that Horton wants to make a big fuss about this." "Why can’t Horton face the reality: he just can’t win Sun Yang?"

　　Interesting! Horton participated in the World Championships by "going through the back door"?

　　Interestingly, Horton, who openly accused others of "counterfeiting" in public, was able to come to Gwangju, and the reasons behind it were also somewhat speechless. According to Australian media reports, Horton did not qualify for the previous World Championships in Australia.

　　After the men’s 400-meter race, the British Daily Mail also wrote that Horton’s move was "very rude" and revealed that he relied on "privilege" to participate in this World Championships. The reason is that Horton’s head coach has discretion.

　　Horton refused to take a photo with Sun Yang at the award ceremony. China News Service reporter Han Haidan photo

　　In the end, Horton also repaid the trust of the Australian Swimming Association with a silver medal, but what he did after the game puzzled the coach: "No one knew he would do this, it was his idea."

　　In sharp contrast, at the women’s 100m butterfly award ceremony on the evening of 22nd, Canadian player McNeil, Swedish star Sjostrom and Australian player mckeown put their palms to the camera, and their hands were written with the words "Chijiang Glazed Flower" and "Never Give Up" to cheer for Chijiang Glazed Flower suffering from leukemia, which also moved everyone.

　　The stadium is a stage for athletes to pursue "higher, faster and stronger", which is pure and full of warmth and emotion. Whether you are skeptical or resentful, please let sports return to their original heart when the starting gun goes off. (End)

　　In recent years, with the rapid development of short videos, the network charm index of cities such as Chongqing, Xi ‘an, Chengdu and Hangzhou has soared. Chongqing’s 8D magic interchange, Xi ‘an’s tumbler performance, Xiamen’s seaview subway … … These scenes with their own traffic attract a large number of tourists to spread and share on the Internet. Experts pointed out that behind the hot popularity, how to turn the flow economy into an incremental economy and shape the real urban competitiveness is an important issue for online celebrity cities.

　　"online celebrity punching place" is hot

　　Xiao Zhao, a Beijing girl who is engaged in the clothing industry, is keen on traveling. She and several friends like to "walk away". Before going to a place, she didn’t do much travel strategy. Often, when she arrived at her destination, she went to Tik Tok and other short video platforms to search for popular videos related to the tourist destination, and then happily "punched in" together, or enjoyed the unique natural and cultural landscape, or felt the wonderful historical and cultural customs, or tasted the mouth-watering local specialties. "Taking photos, taking short videos, making friends circle and trembling sound are must-do in travel."

　　In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed many people’s travel habits. Whether it’s a traditional scenic spot or a new landmark, once it has the label of "online celebrity", it will attract tourists to take photos or take videos to "punch in".

　　Recently, People’s Daily People’s Cultural Tourism Research Institute and others published the TOP20 Value Recommendation List of "online celebrity Punching Places" for National Cultural Tourism, recommending high-quality tourism resources from three dimensions: attention, reputation and expert evaluation. The selected 20 "online celebrity Punching Places" have the following characteristics: First, they must have aesthetic feeling to meet the needs of tourists for photography, such as Sakura Avenue, Chaka Salt Lake and Dongji Island; Secondly, it can highlight personality and meet the needs of tourists to show their taste, such as THE BRIDGE covered bridge in Chengdu; In addition, it can provide different tour experiences to satisfy tourists’ sense of freshness and participation, such as Xiamen Seaview Subway and Xi ‘an Yongxingfang "Bowling Wine".

　　“‘ Online celebrity punching place ’ The popularity is largely due to the new media communication methods. " Xu Fengwen, chief planner of the Cultural Tourism Center of Tianjin University Architectural Design and Planning Research Institute, said that people’s demand for the participation and dissemination of online celebrity scenes has changed from the traditional view of the city to the experience of specific city scenes.

　　Nowadays, more and more tourists release short videos to exchange travel strategies and experiences. Insiders pointed out that short video has become an important communication and expression tool, which has mobilized the enthusiasm of tourists to record and discover the charm of the city. The reason is, first of all, because short travel videos are more intuitive, richer, story-telling, entertaining and more impressive to others. In addition, in the short videos taken by tourists, scenic spots and food are often more grounded and can appreciate a city at close range. In addition, friends like to go to the "punch card place", and they also go to make a card and connect with each other in a brand-new way, which is also a new form of social interaction.

　　"Lens" makes online celebrity city.

　　Today, it has become the norm that a "online celebrity punching place" is a city with fire. The White Paper on Beautiful City Index: the Relationship between Short Video and Urban Prosperity published by China Urban Planning and Design Institute shows that the content related to urban travel on short video can not only drain online, but also drive offline "planting grass". More than 80% of Tik Tok users said that they would "punch in" because they like short videos of specific cities, scenic spots and business districts.

　　Under the trend of new media communication, the "punching place in online celebrity", which is favored by young consumers, has great potential in enhancing the popularity of cultural tourism brands. To this end, various localities have launched relevant measures to activate and promote cultural tourism resources. For example, Beijing recently launched the "First Beijing Net Red Punch Site Selection" activity, where the public can participate in recommendation and voting through the Internet to help their own Beijing-style "online celebrity"; Kunming launched the promotion activity of "punching places for cultural tourism" to encourage citizens and tourists to explore new landmarks in the city; Chongqing held the promotion activity of "Sun Culture Sun Scenery" to show the "face value" and "temperament" of "City of Mountains and Waters" with the help of social media platform.

　　Some cities have been re-recognized by young people through emerging media platforms. Among them, short videos have become an important scene to create new business cards for cities, opening up a new possibility for "lens" to create online celebrity cities. For example, since July, 2019, Xi ‘an Datang City Scenic Area has designed two street performance art performances of tumblers according to Xi ‘an city mascots "Tang Bao" and "Tangniu", and soon the performance of "Real Tumbler" Picachen became popular. On Tik Tok, the video under the topic of "Miss Tumbler" has been played 2.77 billion times. In this regard, Nan Chuxin, deputy director of the china society of economic reform Internet and New Economy Professional Committee, said that compared with traditional city landmarks, such tourist scenes are more modern, approachable and cultural, and are favored by the younger generation. This kind of city "punching in" behavior based on characteristic IP not only brings traffic explosion, activates the local tourism economy, but also personifies and rejuvenates the image of scenic spots, which injects new kinetic energy into the cultural tourism industry.

　　However, in reality, there are also some areas that blindly follow the trend. For example, regardless of their own personality and characteristics, they copy and introduce "punch-in" elements such as tumbler performance, glass plank road, sky mirror and light show. "Blindly chasing the real-time effect of the network, being out of position and being surprised, we must pay attention to prevention! In particular, it is necessary to prevent rushing headlong into it, copying it, and mismatching the name. " Jin Yuanpu, director of the Institute of Cultural and Creative Industries of Renmin University of China, said in an interview that every city has its own genes, and it is necessary to shape its unique image and temperament.

　　Fully "realize" the traffic

　　A few days ago, the "Top 100 online celebrity Cities in China Tide Economy 2020" published by a certain platform measured the "online celebrity Degree" of a city from five dimensions: network popularity index, live broadcast index, tide life index, industrial development index and impression index. The top 10 cities in online celebrity are: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Xi ‘an, Changsha, Nanjing and Chongqing. Experts pointed out that the high popularity of online celebrity city is actually the result of a series of factors, such as urban cultural heritage, economic strength, population size and even scientific and technological progress.

　　"online celebrity city is not only a city that is popular on the Internet. A online celebrity city must form a high-quality development model if it wants to be red for a long time and keep its traffic. " The insiders believe that in the era of "attention economy", how to transform online traffic into the core competitiveness of the city, and finally attract the influx of people and form an industrial agglomeration effect is the ultimate goal of the city to create a "online celebrity label".

　　According to Huang Hancheng, the chief researcher of Zhigu Trend, only when people gather through Internet traffic, such as tourists who spend money or talents who come to settle down, can online celebrity be regarded as a city. The "online celebrity Effect" can’t be underestimated, for example, in recent years, Chongqing’s tourism fever is among the highest, and in 2019 alone, 657 million people visited Chongqing, achieving a total tourism income of 573.4 billion yuan.

　　In this regard, Jin Yuanpu said that in order to turn online traffic into real dividends, supporting facilities and public services should be in place, and more detailed work should be done in all aspects of urban development, especially in the upgrading of tourism. Through the system construction of new technologies, new management and new operations, tourists’ sense of experience, participation and integration will be continuously enhanced.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao reporter Li Xiujiang

　　Photography Zhang Lei Someone asked our company to call your number for three months in a row. If you need to cancel it for a fee, please contact the staff and send a red envelope on WeChat … …

　　At noon on August 11th, Master Huang, who was running a taxi in Jiuzhaigou, suddenly received such a short message. He thought it was a scam message and didn’t care. As a result, after half an hour, the sound of the mobile phone never stopped.

　　In the meantime, Master Huang, who was unbearable to be harassed, turned the 100 yuan WeChat red envelope according to the other party’s prompt. Unexpectedly, the mobile phone was quiet for only half an hour and started ringing off the hook, and the other party asked for 200 yuan again. Worried that it was a bottomless pit, as a last resort, Master Huang turned to the operator where the mobile phone number was located and the police for help, and the answer was that there was no way to completely solve the problem.

　　On the one hand, there is endless noise, and on the other hand, there is nothing the supervision can do. In fact, Master Huang’s experience is not a case. Enter the keyword "Call you to death" on the Internet, and there are at least hundreds of similar news reports. The ultimate solution for these victims can only rely on themselves — — Block all strange calls or simply turn it off.

　　Behind this dilemma, there is a hidden status quo: software such as "call you to death" can be downloaded at will on the Internet, and even specialized companies use this kind of software to make profits by helping people "call you to death".

　　A

　　event

　　The brother who received the text message asking for a red envelope ignored it and was entangled in "calling you to death"

　　Master Huang has been running a taxi in Jiuzhaigou for several years, and this is the first time he has encountered such a thing: at noon on the 11th, he just received a guest who wanted to go from Jiuzhaigou to Chengdu. Not long after the car drove, he received a short message from a mobile phone number with a display area of Changsha, Hunan: "Someone asked our company to call your number for three consecutive months. If you need to cancel it for a fee, please contact the staff and send a red envelope on WeChat … …” At the end of the message, there are two WeChat numbers attached.

　　Master Huang thought it was a scam message and didn’t care. Unexpectedly, half an hour later, strange numbers began to call in. Some are strange numbers from other places, while others are unknown. They all hang up after ringing one or two times. Call back, the phone is either unanswered or the number is empty.

　　Master Huang was not too entangled in this because he was in a hurry to drive away. However, on the way from Jiuzhaigou to Chengdu, his mobile phone never stopped, ringing every 2 minutes, and the frequency was very uniform.

　　After 6 o’clock that night, the unbearable Master Huang could only "beg for mercy". He added the other party’s micro-signal according to the SMS prompt. "Who are you? Why do you want to do this? " For Master Huang’s inquiry, the other party did not answer, only said that he would help 100 yuan cancel the call if he wanted a red envelope.

　　After some bargaining, Master Huang first gave the other party a 50 yuan WeChat red envelope, but I didn’t expect the other party to have no room for negotiation at all. In desperation, Master Huang had to turn to 50 yuan again.

　　I thought this problem would be solved, but after half an hour of silence, Master Huang’s cell phone started ringing again. This time, the other person opened his mouth to 200 yuan, and said that no bargaining was allowed, otherwise he would "call you to death" for three consecutive months.

　　In the face of help and alarm

　　Both operators and police feel "headache"

　　Worried that it is a bottomless pit, Master Huang dare not remit money easily. Unbearable, he chose to ask for help from the operator who provided telecommunications services. The staff said that they would give feedback to the technical department, handle it in the background and give a reply within 24 hours. But after 24 hours, Master Huang failed to wait for the other party’s reply.

　　The harassing phone call still didn’t stop. Master Huang contacted the operator again, and the other party told him that there was nothing they could do to harass multiple strange phone numbers or display unknown numbers. The staff suggested that he download some interception software to stop it.

　　But this can’t solve the problem at all. Huang Shi Fu Shuo drives a taxi himself, and there are often strange calls for him, so it’s even more impossible to turn it off. Can continuously harass the phone, so that he can’t drive normally to attract customers.

　　As a last resort, Master Huang chose to call the police. The local police told him that he had received many such reports and had to register first.

　　As of press time, the number of harassing calls on Master Huang’s mobile phone has reached hundreds, and it has not stopped, and the time has exceeded 48 hours.

　　B

　　statement

　　The means to prevent "calling you to death" harassment are limited and it is difficult to intercept it comprehensively.

　　In fact, Master Huang’s experience is not a case. In the past two years, there have been seven or eight readers who have reported similar situations to this newspaper. Enter the keyword "call you to death" on the Internet, and at least hundreds of similar news reports will be searched out. The reporter combed the local media reports and found that in the case of "calling you to death", almost all the answers the victims got from the operators were: the problem could not be completely solved.

　　Mr. Cheng, a technical developer of an information technology company in Chengdu High-tech Zone, told reporters that "calling you to death" is actually an arbitrary dialing software that keeps repeating numbers. In the set time, keep dialing the number of the callee, so that the callee’s phone is busy, and other numbers cannot be dialed until the phone is turned off. Mr. Cheng said, "The incoming number of this kind of software is constantly changing. At present, mobile phones and fixed telephones should be guarded against ‘ Call you to death ’ The software means are extremely limited and cannot be completely intercepted. "

　　Mr. Cheng said that coupled with its concealment and variability, it is difficult for relevant departments to track down the perpetrators.

　　Earlier, some media reported that some experts in information engineering said that in case of "calling you to death" bombing, you can download mobile phone interception software. General interception software can mark harassing calls through big data, which can identify harassing calls faster than manual work and shorten the call time, but it can’t fundamentally prevent incoming calls.

　　C

　　survey

　　"Call you to death" software can be downloaded up to one million times online.

　　Why are more and more users being harassed by "calling you to death"? The reporter launched an investigation.

　　Enter the keyword "Call you to death" on the Internet, and there are many related messages. What is even more unexpected is that this software can be downloaded at will on the Internet, and some of them are accompanied by detailed installation and use instructions.

　　The reporter randomly clicked on the download page of a computer website and found a software called "Fast Phone Call You 2.8". At the bottom of the download link, there is a software introduction: calling your software to death requires the support of networked computers, and you can call numbers such as mobile phones or fixed telephones continuously until the power supply of the other number is exhausted, or it is always busy, so that other lines can’t call in unless the user turns it off by himself. The software also claims to be "the ultimate software for managing small advertisements".

　　After the reporter downloads, he can set the information such as call frequency and duration in the setting column, enter the mobile phone number or fixed phone number at will, and click the "Start Call" button, and the other party’s mobile phone or fixed phone will be continuously bombed. Incredibly, the downloads of this kind of software are amazing. By 5 pm on August 13th, this software had been downloaded more than 30,000 times on this website. According to CCTV’s previous report, the download volume of a software that "calls you to death" is as high as 1.25 million times, and the "praise" is as high as tens of thousands.

　　Corresponding to the download volume, it is a miserable victim. According to Anhui Business Daily, Mr. Xing, a citizen of Hefei, didn’t care when he received a strange text message. He actually received 4003 non-calling numbers in one day, and was called once every 21.6 seconds on average!

　　"Call you to death" is clearly marked online, and only 50 yuan can call for 3 days.

　　In fact, "calling you to death" has already become a complete interest chain. On the Internet, online stores and businesses that provide "call you to death" services can be easily found, and some businesses even openly price their services.

　　The reporter found a WeChat WeChat official account selling such services on the Internet, and the price offered by the other party was not high — — You only need 50 yuan to call any number for 3 days, and 100 yuan for 5 days.

　　After several days of investigation, the reporter found that in addition to free downloads, there are also some websites that sell such software publicly. Enter the words "Call you to death" on the Internet at will, turn over a few pages, and click to enter a computer website, which clearly indicates the price of the purchased product. A set of "call you to death" software, from purchase to activation and upgrade, is all guided online. The price of this kind of software varies according to the length of use. For example, the January version of 100 yuan, the half-year version of 280 yuan, and the lifetime version cost more than 2,200 yuan.

　　D

　　Support

　　Stopping the service of non-real-name telephone or VoIP may solve the problem.

　　Previously, the staff of telecom operators said that it was difficult to intercept "calling you to death", and some information technology experts said that downloading mobile phone interception software could not fundamentally prevent incoming calls. So, how to solve this problem?

　　Lawyer Huang Lei of Beijing Anbo (Chengdu) Law Firm has some research on this kind of cases. He said that in fact, operators can make a difference, and it is not difficult for him to solve this problem. "Telecom operators should strictly implement the real-name registration system, stop the service of non-real-name telephones or networks, so that they can’t call in or call out, which can effectively prevent others from using non-real-name registration system telephones or networks to commit criminal acts." Huang Lei said that once the real-name registration system is strictly implemented, it will be much easier to investigate and deal with it. At the same time, Huang Lei suggested that the telecommunications authorities should strengthen technical research and restrict these network violations from ports.

　　Lawyer’s statement/

　　"Call you to death" operator suspected of extortion

　　The "call you to death" operator’s behavior of asking Master Huang to "give money to eliminate the disaster" through SMS threats has been suspected of extortion. Lawyer Huang Lei said, from texting to voice asking for a red envelope, it is obvious that the operator’s behavior belongs to telephone harassment and forced asking for a red envelope. According to the Criminal Law and other relevant laws and regulations, for the purpose of illegal possession, the victim is forced to ask for public or private property by threatening or threatening. If the amount is large or repeatedly extorted, it is suspected to constitute extortion. The harassed person can report the crime of extortion and be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Some lawyers believe that the act of "calling you to death" for private use infringes on others’ right to freedom of communication. Although there is no clear regulation on the use of "calling you to death" software at present, according to Article 42 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, "sending obscene, insulting, threatening or other information for many times to interfere with others’ normal life", if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than five days and less than ten days, and may also be fined less than 500 yuan.

The growth rate of China market is higher than that of the whole world.

From 2010 to 2020, the market size of China’s pet industry increased from 13.44 billion yuan to 72.73 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of nearly 20%, which is higher than that of the whole world. In 2020, the US pet consumption market accounts for 41.1% of the world, ranking first, and China accounts for 8.1%. The pet raising rate and the annual consumption of a single pet in China are far below the level of developed countries, and there is much room for growth in the future.

Judging from the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption, in 2014, the difference in the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption between China and the United States was 3.1 times, and in 2019, the difference dropped to 1.8 times.

1. The average annual compound growth rate of China’s pet industry is nearly 20%, accounting for less than 10% of the global market.

With the development and prosperity of China society, the role of pets is gradually changing — — Cats and dogs are increasingly regarded as indispensable members of the family, rather than simply companion pets. Social media has also promoted pets to become an important part of young people’s lives, and the trend of "raising cats in the cloud" has made owning pets more desirable. Therefore, the pet market has grown rapidly in the past 10 years. In 2020, the pet consumption market in China will be 72.73 billion yuan, up 21.1% year-on-year, and the CAGR will be 18.4% in 10 years.

With the development of economy, the consumption of pets is also increasing. Families in most developed countries regard pets as family members, and the spending on pets is increasing. According to Euromonitor data, in 2020, the global pet market industry scale will be about US$ 138.2 billion, up by 4.4% year-on-year, and the CAGR will be 3.6% in 10 years. Among them, the pet consumption market in China, Japan and the United States accounted for 8.1%, 4.2% and 41.1% of the global market respectively.

2. There is a big gap between China’s pet raising rate and single pet consumption amount and developed countries, and there is huge room for improvement.

In the past decade, the changing population and social structure, as well as the improvement of income and adoption rate, have become the main factors to promote the growth of pet keeping rate in China. Compared with other parts of the world, in 2019, the family pet raising rate in China was only about 17%, far lower than 67% in the United States, 62% in Australia and 44% in the United Kingdom. The pet raising rate in China is far lower than that in developed countries, and there may be several times room for improvement in the future.

Since 2016, the growth rate of China’s single pet consumption has increased year by year, mainly driven by the increase of per capita disposable income and the enhancement of pets’ kinship attributes; In 2020, the annual consumption of a single pet in China will be $59. Compared with other countries, in 2020, the consumption of single pet in Japan and the United States will be $317 and $343, respectively, and the consumption of single pet in China is still lower than that in developed countries.

3. The proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in China has increased, and the gap with the United States has narrowed.

From 2014 to 2019, the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in China increased from 0.16% to 0.29%, and the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in the United States in 2019 was 0.52%. In 2014, the difference in the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption between China and the United States was 3.1 times. In 2019, the difference dropped to 1.8 times.

It can be seen that there is an obvious trend of consumption upgrading in the pet market in China, which accelerates the expansion of the pet market. With the stronger willingness of consumers in China to invest in pets in the future, the pet industry has great development potential.

For more data and analysis, please refer to Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, and at the same time Forward-looking Industry Research Institute provides solutions such as industry, industry declaration, industry investment attraction, IPO fundraising feasibility study and prospectus writing.

[Autohome Shantou Discount Promotion Channel] Recently, there are promotions underway. The highest discount has reached 28,000, and the minimum starting price is 188,600. If you are interested in this model, you may wish to pay attention to the details of the discount and click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get higher discounts.

eπ008拥有时尚动感的前脸设计，进气格栅采用流线型的设计，增强了空气动力学效果。车身线条流畅，整体风格简约而不失个性，展现出强大的科技感与未来感。

eπ008车身尺寸为5002*1972*1732mm，轴距达到3025mm，车身线条流畅，展现出动感的轮廓。前后轮距均为1650mm，确保车辆的稳定性和操控性。此外，eπ008配备了265/45 R21的轮胎，搭配时尚的轮圈设计，进一步提升了整车的运动感和视觉效果。

eπ008的内饰设计现代且富有科技感，中控台上配备了一块15.6英寸的大尺寸中控屏幕，支持多媒体系统、导航、电话、空调的语音识别控制，为用户提供便捷的操作体验。方向盘采用皮质包裹，手感舒适，并具备手动上下和前后调节功能，让驾驶员能够根据自身需求调整合适的驾驶位置。前排座椅采用仿皮材质，具备加热、通风功能，并且驾驶位座椅还配备了头枕扬声器，增加舒适度和娱乐体验。座椅支持电动记忆功能，前排座椅和副驾驶位可以存储和调用预设的坐姿设置。后排座椅同样支持电动调节，包括前后移动和靠背角度调节，还配备了腿托调节，确保乘客的舒适度。第二排座椅可进行比例放倒，方便装载行李物品。此外，车内还设有多个USB和Type-C接口，为乘客提供便捷的充电需求，并且前排座椅还配备了无线充电功能，方便用户为手机充电。

eπ008搭载了一台高性能发动机，其最大功率可达200千瓦，最大扭矩为340牛·米，为车辆提供了强劲的动力输出和平顺的驾驶体验。

汽车之家车主 表示，外观真的很大气，尤其是黑色，和朋友的理想L7相比一点都不逊色。

With the increasingly fierce competition in the automobile market, there is a cruel elimination match between automobile enterprises, some of which have been forced to withdraw from the stage, while others are being pushed out of sight by the "big waves".

For example, Roewe, a brand that was once popular in the market with its star model RX5. In 2018, with the help of Roewe RX5, Roewe went to the "highlight" moment with a performance of over 470,000 vehicles.

However, with the rise of new forces and the efforts of various traditional car companies in technology and new products, the labels and selling points of Roewe RX5 are no longer competitive. Since 2021, the sales volume of Roewe RX5 has entered a state of sharp decline. In 2022, the sales volume continued to decline, with a direct drop to "freezing point" in April, with a monthly sales volume of only 1,990 vehicles.

The sales volume of Roewe RX5 has shrunk, which directly affects the overall performance of the brand. In 2021, the sales volume of Roewe was only 348,400, and in 2022 it dropped to 260,000. You know, in 2017, the sales volume of Roewe RX5 alone was 237,000, which shows how much it was affected.

To sum up the decline of Roewe, it is precisely because it relies too much on the sales support of Roewe RX5, and the brand performance is in trouble because the number of vehicles is too single. The decline in sales of Roewe RX5 is due to the "short board" of product strength, which has no advantage compared with the current new energy vehicles and the market competitiveness is greatly reduced.

Fortunately, in the face of successive declines, Roewe also took out its own attitude step by step, stepped up the push of new cars, and strived to catch up.

The latest news shows that Roewe will launch a new car, Roewe D7, this month. The new car is aimed at medium and large cars, and it will launch a DMH hybrid version and an EV electric version respectively. At the same time, the new car will integrate scientific and technological equipment such as Yunsu cockpit and zebra intelligent driving machine system.

From the appearance, the front face of the new car adopts a brand-new inductive design language, which is different from the design of the existing Roewe series products and is more recognizable as a whole. Specifically, Roewe D7 EV and DMH adopt different shapes, and D7 EV adopts the design of closed front face and split headlights. The D7 DMH adopts integrated headlights, and the front air intake grille adopts the extension design elements of left-right expansion and up-and-down support, which makes the vehicle’s vision more spacious.

From the side of the car body, this car is equipped with hidden door handles and 18-inch wheels with low wind resistance, which is more scientific and technological as a whole. In terms of the rear end, the tail shape is round and generous, full and full of tension.

The taillights are slender in shape, with the duckling tail design with the edge of the trunk slightly upturned, which is full of movement. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4890/1872/1510mm and the wheelbase is 2810mm respectively.

In terms of interiors, the two cars are consistent, equipped with an integrated large screen and made of a lot of suede. It is worth mentioning that the seat is decorated with diamond-shaped elements, which increases the sense of advanced vehicle.

In terms of power, Roewe D7 pure electric version was born in SAIC Nebula pure electric platform, which will provide two new Rubik’s cube batteries, corresponding to CLTC comprehensive cruising range of 510km and 610km respectively. In terms of power, the new car will be a VGA six-in-one motor and a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a maximum power of 155kW.

The DMH hybrid version is equipped with a hybrid engine with a thermal efficiency greater than 43% and a fuel consumption of 4.3L/100km. Under CLTC condition, its pure electric cruising range is 125km and its comprehensive cruising range is 1400km.

Write it at the end

As a medium-sized and large-sized car, Roewe D7 combines advanced technology design and diverse power options, which is very in line with the current mainstream. After the new car goes on the market, it will compete with BYD Seal and Deep Blue SL03. It is said that the price will start from 130,000, which is still attractive to consumers.

　　UAE sends aerobatic team and cavalry to escort Putin (Russian News Network Today)

　　Overseas Network October 16thRussian President Vladimir Putin visited the United Arab Emirates on the 15th and signed a new contract with the UAE worth about $1.4 billion. In order to welcome Putin’s visit, the UAE dispatched aerobatic teams and cavalry teams, and held a grand welcoming ceremony in the palace.

　　Sputnik news agency & radio reported on the 15th that Putin was welcomed by Crown Prince Mohammed of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, at the airport after arriving in Abu Dhabi that day. After that, he drove through the center of Abu Dhabi, and the roads were covered with Russian flags and UAE flags.

　　The cavalry escorting Putin holds the national flags of the two countries (Russian News Network Today)

　　Putin’s welcome is not limited to this. Three white horse riders and 10 brown horse riders form a cavalry team, holding the national flags of the two countries and marching in a neat and rhythmic pace to escort Putin’s car.

　　The UAE Air Force also sent an aerobatic team. Seven planes pulled out white, blue and red smoke symbolizing the Russian flag and flew over Putin’s car and the escort cavalry.

　　UAE Army Plays Russian National Anthem (Russian News Network Today)

　　Later, Putin arrived at the United Arab Emirates Palace and watched the military band play the Russian national anthem with Crown Prince Muhammad. However, from the expression, Putin does not seem to be very looking forward to it.

　　According to an earlier report on today’s Russian website, Putin visited Saudi Arabia on the 14th. At the welcoming ceremony held by King Salman, when the Saudi military orchestra played the Russian national anthem, an embarrassing scene appeared: it was out of tune. As can be seen from the video published on this website, Putin’s expression is "slightly embarrassed".

　　On 15th, Putin and Crown Prince Mohammed were talking (Oriental IC).

　　According to Sputnik news agency & radio, after the welcoming ceremony, Putin held talks with Crown Prince Mohammed of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates, mainly discussing mutual cooperation between the two countries on the international stage and cooperation in the fields of energy, aerospace and tourism.

　　UAE and Russian discuss business cooperation and other matters (Sputnik news agency & radio)

　　Putin later said in a discussion with the UAE business community that Russia and the UAE signed a new contract worth about $1.4 billion. Every effort will be made to make foreign investors, including UAE, feel comfortable in the Russian market.

　　Putin also said that the UAE Sovereign Fund is one of the first partners of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), and the two sides have jointly implemented more than 45 projects worth 2.3 billion US dollars, and the return on investment of these projects has obviously exceeded the global level. (Overseas network Wang Xiluo)

It’s for the most beautiful and ordinary. -"Love Transfer"

To say the hottest variety show recently, it must be "Braving the Wind and Waves". After all, it is rare for 30 famous actresses to get together in a variety show.

Counting carefully, there are quite a few sisters who have cooperated with each other. For example, Quiet and Liu Yun have cooperated with Huang Xiaoming in "The Son of Man 2" and The Duke Of Mount Deer, and Bai Bing, Alina Zhang and Kym have cooperated in the TV series "Myth" …

Of course, the most frequent one is the Love Call Transfer released on Valentine’s Day in 2007. In this film directed by Zhang Jianya, written by Liu Yiwei and starring Xú Zhēng, Quiet, Yi Nengjing, Eva Huang and Bai Bing all appeared.

In addition to these four sisters, there are actresses such as Fan Bingbing, Song Jia, Amanda, Qu Ying and Jiang Hongbo in this film, which are enough to make up the twelve constellations, plus the male No.2 Liu Yiwei, all of which revolve around the hero Xu Zheng.

This uncle Xú Zhēng is also an Ivy League player in the entertainment circle. Over the years, from acting to guiding, what remains unchanged is his consistent bald head and consistent "middle-aged crisis".

Thirteen years ago, he was a middle-aged man who broke up in Love Call Transfer. Thirteen years later, he is still a middle-aged man who broke up in Lost in Russia.

At that time, I saw this "Love Call Transfer" and thought it was a low-level fun film to satisfy men’s fantasies, but now looking back, the film is actually wrapped in a gaudy coat with a quite sincere theme.

01

The story begins with the seven-year itch of Zaler Xu (Xú Zhēng). He hates that his wife always wears purple sweaters, always does the same Zhajiang Noodles, and always watches boring TV plays. He was tired of his boring wife and routine life, and broke up with her. While repairing his mobile phone, he met an angel (Liu Yiwei) who was a little greasy.

The angel saw through Zaler Xu’s inner desire and gave Xu Lang a magical mobile phone. Every time she pressed the key, she would have an affair, and she would have what kind of woman she wanted, but only 10 chances.

Luo Yanyan (Song Jia Jr.)

For the first time, Zaler Xu met Luo Yanyan (Song Jia Jr.). She will decorate a room full of candlelight when the electric light is broken-that’s the romance that Zaler Xu yearns for in her marriage life with no waves of daily necessities. However, in the end, Zaler Xu found out that their meeting was actually arranged by Luo Yanyan. She got pregnant before marriage, just wanted to find a cheap father for the baby, so she broke up and gave up.

Chen Xiaoyu (Fan Bingbing) and Zaler Xu

The second time, Zaler Xu wants a woman who has no past love, so she meets the capable policewoman Chen Xiaoyu (Fan Bingbing). But Chen Xiaoyu knew his marital status and told him that he was not going to accept a divorced man.

Longxiaxia (Eva Huang Decoration)

The third time, he hoped to meet a woman who was not so conservative, so he bumped into a bad girl, Long Xiaoxi (Eva Huang). She took him to a disco in a bar, and the Internet cafe stayed up all night, fighting if there was a disagreement, which made Xu Langzhong young in 2022. However, Zaler Xu was somewhat overwhelmed by the rebellious nature of the lobster. She is naive and doesn’t understand her responsibilities. Looking for a husband is like looking for a father, which makes Zaler Xu’s conscience bitter.

Zhou Xinrui (Bai Bing) and Zaler Xu

For the fourth time, he followed the rules and made a blind date with Zhou Xinrui (Bai Bing), but he was collectively judged by friends and relatives headed by her mother like an interview. When Zhou’s mother asked him to go back and wait for news, Zhou Xinrui stopped him and asked, "Do you believe in miracles? Are you a man bound by secular prejudice? Do you like chatting, playing mahjong, traveling and organizing group activities? What about the national standard? " After getting the answer, Zhou Xinrui was astounding. She felt that Zaler Xu and her mother were the most suitable.

Pan Wenlin (Quiet Decoration) and Zaler Xu

For the fifth time, his mother introduced him to the fashionable and shrewd Pan Wenlin (Quiet Decoration). When she went to buy a house, she saw through all the advantages and disadvantages at a glance, and she not only saw through the house, but also saw through men. What annoys Zaler Xu most is that she pays no attention to Zaler Xu, and when she looks at the house, she chats with real estate developers more and more vigorously, just like a like-minded couple.

Liang Huijun (Yi Nengjing)

The sixth time, Liang Huijun (Yi Nengjing), the overbearing female president with strong control desire, made him the executive director of the company. But she threw away his old mobile phone without asking, and let him use the new mobile phone she sent. She was the only one in the mobile phone. She asked a woman to test his loyalty, but he found that she had broken ties with her predecessor and went straight to bed to make out.

Li miao (Qu Ying)

The seventh time, he yearns for the extremely loyal li miao (Qu Ying), but she keeps a big dog named Schubert. Schubert loves dogs more than men because of her past experience of accompanying her. Zaler Xu tried his best to please Schubert, but he still put himself in the hospital.

Gao Fei (Amanda)

For the eighth time, Zaler Xu met Gao Fei (Amanda), a female doctor in the hospital. She was thoughtful, and she could interpret every word and every action of Zaler Xu, and she was ready to test whether he was lying at any time and place.

Just like the little girl in the fairy tale "Seven Colors Flowers", he wasted all the opportunities in front of him to satisfy his greed, but he was not satisfied. After experiencing all kinds of beautiful women’s adventures, Zaler Xu actually felt that she only got tired.

He complained to the angel, "I just want to find a normal and ordinary woman who can live quietly with me and teach her children."

At that time, Zaler Xu pressed the ninth button, and he went back to the home he had been familiar with and bored with. As he used to go home from work every day, he saw his wife waiting for him at home.

He was familiar with the door and undressed, excited to hug his ex-wife, ready to tell her about his adventures after breaking up. But at this time, he suddenly found that his ex-wife had a new husband, no longer wearing a purple sweater, but changed into a big red couple sweater with her new husband. And everything he once disliked was full of pride in the mouth of his ex-wife and new husband.

They kept him for dinner, and the newlywed husband said, "It’s just like at home." He also taught him step by step how to eat his wife’s Zhajiang Noodles, while his ex-wife whispered to him, "Sorry, it’s still Zhajiang Noodles."

Once again eating the familiar bowl of Zhajiang Noodles, Zaler Xu was full of bitterness and forced to smile.

Later, he calmly told the angel that his ex-wife was very happy now. And he finally grew up and finally understood that no woman in the world was prepared for you in advance. "The problem is not with them, maybe it’s with me."

Fortunately, the movie gave him a happy ending. After he threw away his mobile phone, he met the former Pang Kun.

Pang Kun (Shen Xing) and Zaler Xu

02

This movie seems to be the experience of a middle-aged man who broke up, but in fact it is the growth process of his understanding and understanding of marriage.

At the beginning of the film, the director asked Zaler Xu, the male actor played by Xú Zhēng, to tell his marriage problems in a monologue. He said, "People say it’s itchy for seven years, but I’ve never been itchy", but his tangled eyebrows and awkward mouth betrayed his "heart itch".

Then, the director portrays an ordinary housewife with a series of detailed shots at dinner, who is careless, unkempt and has no interest in life. At the same time, he gives Zaler Xu a shot to show his disgust.

In fact, even if Zaler Xu doesn’t say anything, the audience can guess that the dull life has obliterated their feelings.

When his wife growled hysterically at Xu Lang for a reason to break up, Zaler Xu didn’t even bother to say the reason at first, but later he was forced to be nasty and told a lot of reasons:

You always wear this purple sweater at home. I hate purple, you know? I hate seeing purple!

The cup for brushing teeth must be placed on the second floor of the shelf, and it can’t even be printed!

Toothpaste has to be squeezed from bottom to top, so I’ll squeeze it in public. What’s the matter?

Every Thursday, it will always be Zhajiang Noodles and TV series!

Also, when you eat noodles, can you stop playing around with that noodle!

In fact, he only said two words-boredom.

There is a saying, "marriage is like a book, the first chapter is poetry, full of passion;" The rest of the chapters are plain prose, as plain as water. "

Zaler Xu, though married for many years, seems to be taken care of too well by his wife. He takes all his wife’s care for granted, and regards his wife’s restraint as a chain that binds him. Like a child, he only thought about rebellion and didn’t know how to cherish it at all. It was not until he lost it that he suddenly realized that he had got the best.

At the beginning of the movie, the colors are all dark, and the wife is wearing a dark purple sweater with messy hair, making Zhajiang Noodles for Zaler Xu in the dark. At the end, the home is bright and warm, the wife’s makeup is exquisite, and she is busy in the kitchen with her newly married husband.

Zaler Xu was eating Zhajiang Noodles, glancing at his careless wife, and his eyes were critical. At the end, he looked at his happy ex-wife and looked gloomy.

begin

ending

The ingenuity of this film lies in that, on the one hand, it attracts the attention of all kinds of beautiful women to improve the box office, on the other hand, it also makes Zaler Xu’s growth process intuitive and concrete, and finally tells a truth that everyone seems to understand, but it is often impossible: "If you love someone, you have to love her all."

When the angel said this to Zaler Xu in the film, there was light behind him.

03

In addition to the addition of many stars, Xú Zhēng’s performance also added a lot of color to the film. At the beginning, his brow wrinkled into the word "embarrassing". Standing in the elevator, a few monologues made Zaler Xu, a depressed image in the besieged city of marriage, jump out.

When dating Chen Xiaoyu for dinner, he wanted to experience the feeling of being handcuffed, and he showed his inner joy with only two hands.

The last time I saw an angel, Zaler Xu’s eyes and eyebrows were all relieved by Qian Fan.

04

At the end of the film, Zaler Xu and Faxiao reunited in fireworks, and the theme song "Love Transfer" sounded, which became the crowning touch.

At that time, Eason Chan asked lin xi to write a new lyrics for Under Mount Fuji and made the theme song "Love Transfer". Not only was the melody catchy, but every lyric told people about their wandering in love and marriage, and it was a smash hit as expected.

Candlelight lit up the dinner and there was no answer.

Love is not a warm invitation to dinner.

The sheets are covered with petals and hugged to make it grow.

It’s too crowded to drive to other soil.

Feelings need people to take over and get close to expectations.

Expectation brings a vicious circle of disappointment.

Short is always romantic, long is always dissatisfied.

Burn perfection and youth for a new wife.

Transfer the warmth of one person to the body of another.

Let the mistakes made last time reflect on your dreams.

Everyone has enjoyed it in this way.

To refuse to be the scapegoat of love.

Memory is the moonlight that can’t be caught, and it becomes dark when you hold it tightly.

Wait for the false back to disappear in the clear.

The sun is flowing in the body and all karma is forgiven.

Love keeps standing and wanting to go to the end of time.

How brave you need to be

Don’t be disappointed. It’s for the sake of

The most beautiful ordinary

-"Love Transfer"

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In the plot structure of Love Call Transfer, there are some shadows of "Fake God" and "Remote Control of Life", but it is still rare in domestic movies. Coupled with the gathering of stars, the theme song is a masterpiece, which led the trend at that time, and later two sequels were made.

One is the female version of Love Call Transfer 2, which is still directed by Zhang Jianya and starred by Lin Jiaxin, and gathered a group of handsome guys. The other is the same screenwriter Liu Yiwei, and also asked Ge You to star in Xú Zhēng as a guest star in Destiny Call Transfer.

Although the box office has always been popular, the word-of-mouth of these two films has not been copied successfully, because they only imitate the superficial model-piling up stars and assorted movies.

The most criticized thing about "Call Transfer of Love" has always been the fact that it is a platter movie. Can make many people forget it, or because the story is not perfunctory, and the theme also cuts the hidden pain of countless men and women.

Editor in charge:

　　Everything is for the safety of people’s lives and property ―― On-the-spot report on Fujian’s defense against typhoon "Seagull" 　

　　At about 14: 20 on July 18th, it was stormy in Xiapu section of Fujian Province, shenyang-haikou expressway. According to the latest news from Fujian Meteorological Observatory, the strong tropical storm "Seagull" landed in Changchun Town, Xiapu County, Fujian Province at 18: 10 on the 18th, with a central air pressure of 988 hectopascals, a maximum wind force of 10 near the center and a wind speed of 25 m/s.. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Kehong photo

　　Xinhuanet Fuzhou, July 19 (Reporter Tu Hongchang, Lai Jianqiang, Kang Miao) At 18: 10 on the 18th, the "Seagull" which caused great disaster in Taiwan Province landed again in Mindong and entered Zhejiang in the early morning of the 19th. Although the intensity of the storm continued to weaken, it still triggered a large-scale rainfall in northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang.

　　Faced with the challenge of violent storms, Fujian quickly blew the "assembly number" to protect people’s lives and property. A series of tight and orderly anti-resistance measures have achieved good results. Up to now, the province has not found any casualties caused by typhoons.

　　"Seagull" is threatening.

　　This year’s No.7 typhoon "Seagull" was generated on the Philippine ocean at 14: 00 on the 15th, and then all the way to the northwest. At 21: 40 on the 17th, "Seagull", which gathered huge energy at sea, landed in the south of Yilan County, Taiwan. The sudden storm brought severe tests to Taiwan Province, which has always been well-trained in typhoon prevention and resistance.

　　According to statistics, from 17th to 18th, the main rainfall areas in Taiwan Province were concentrated in the area from the south of Miaoli to Pingtung, including Chiayi, Nantou, Tainan and Kaohsiung, with accumulated rainfall exceeding 1000mm. "Seagull" not only brings a lot of rainfall, but more seriously, the rainfall is very concentrated, which makes the flood worse and makes the drainage system in some cities unbearable.

　　According to the disaster report on Taiwan Province Island, the "Seagull" attack has caused 16 deaths, 11 missing, 673,000 families to stop water supply, many traffic trunk roads have been interrupted, some trains on the western trunk line of Taiwan Railway and high-speed rail have been stopped, flights at Taichung Qingquangang Airport have been suspended, Mazu’s foreign air and sea traffic has been interrupted, and Taiwan Province’s agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry have lost more than NT$ 110 million.

　　After passing through Taiwan Province, "Seagull" weakened from a typhoon to a strong tropical storm, and gradually approached the coastal areas of northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang. From 17: 00 on the 17th to the morning of 18th, Fujian Meteorological Observatory issued four typhoon yellow warning signals, saying that from 18th to 19th, some counties and cities in Fujian had heavy rain or rainstorm, and some counties and cities in Ningde and Fuzhou had heavy rain. "Seagull" affects Zhejiang Province during the flood season, which is prone to the phenomenon of wind, rain and tide, aggravating the harm. Therefore, the Zhejiang Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters started the typhoon-proof level II emergency response at 20: 00 on the 17th.

　　"’Seagull’ is generated offshore and moves fast. The radius of the 7-level wind circle reaches 300 kilometers. Landing at any point in Fujian will cover the whole of Fujian Province, and the resulting heavy rainfall will have a greater impact on Fujian, which requires the prevention and resistance work to be swift and rigorous." Wu Jinta, deputy director of the Fujian Provincial Flood Control Office, said.

　　From the 18th, Fuzhou swept away the sunny and hot weather a few days ago. The sky was cloudy with frequent showers, and large and small streams of water quickly appeared on both sides of some low-lying streets. Wang Chengdong, a citizen of Gulou District, went to the supermarket early in the morning to buy a refrigerator of vegetables and fruits. He said, "It is not convenient to go out when the typhoon comes. Stay at home on weekends and get ready for’ food and grass’."

　　After a long-distance attack of more than 1,000 kilometers at sea, at 18: 10 on the 18th, the "Seagull" with the maximum wind force of 10 near the center landed on the coast of Changchun Town, Xiapu County, Ningde City, Fujian Province again. The dark clouds hung low at the head of Xiapu County, and the roaring sea breeze blew the residents’ glass windows. Less than an hour after "Seagull" landed, the rain in Xiapu County gradually increased, and Xiapu’s transportation lines to other places, such as highways, national highways and maritime passenger routes, were blocked.

　　More than 300,000 people were transferred.

　　"The waves are so flat and there is no rain. Why can’t we go back to the fishing raft?"

　　"Now that the wind is back to the south, it may attack Sandu’ ao head-on, and it must be transferred immediately!"

　　At about 16: 00 on the 18th, Yang Shanbao, a fisherman in the Qingshan sea area of Sandu ‘ao, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City, refused to board the boat in the face of the mobilization of reserve officers and soldiers and town cadres. Seeing that the "seagull" was about to strike, Lan Tingjia, secretary of the Party Committee of Sandu Town, gave an order and took decisive measures to forcibly transfer it to a patrol boat and send it to a safe land for resettlement.

　　It turned out that at about 10: 00 on the 18th, "Seagull" turned northward to the coastal area of Zhejiang, and the sea area of Sandu was calm. More than 300 farmers thought that the typhoon would not reach Sandu, so they secretly ran back to the fishing raft. At about 13: 00, the typhoon returned to the south and attacked the coastal area of eastern Fujian. The cadres patrolling the sea found these secretly returning farmers, immediately mobilized them to go ashore, and forced them to transfer according to law. "The safety of people at sea is the most threatened by typhoons. Organizational transfer must be deployed in advance and implemented one by one, leaving no dead ends." Lan Tingjia said.

　　Wu Jinta said that according to the typhoon prevention plan of Fujian Province, people were transferred in steps during the typhoon, first the people on fishing boats and rafts, and then the people in low-lying, riverside, hillside and geological hazards. According to the statistics of Fujian Flood Control Office, as of 10: 00 on the 18th, more than 183,000 offshore workers had been safely transferred in Fujian province, including 29,300 offshore fishing rafts and 154,000 offshore vessels who entered the harbor to avoid the wind. According to the statistics of the National Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, as of 10: 00 on the 18th, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningbo and Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province had transferred 170,000 people and returned to Hong Kong with 26,588 sheltered vessels.

　　Before the "Seagull" landed, more than 11,000 ships in Ningde City returned to Hong Kong in time to take shelter from the wind, and more than 15,000 fishermen were transferred to safety. A fisherman from Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province, told the reporter that it was because Ningde promptly informed all the vessels operating in the nearby waters to enter the harbor to take shelter from the wind before the typhoon landed that it escaped the strong tropical storm "Seagull".

　　Chen Rongkai, secretary of the Ningde Municipal Party Committee, said that after the typhoon landed, the gust of the sea near Xiapu County was still 9-10, and the secondary disasters caused by wind and rain still existed. Ningde City continued to maintain a high degree of vigilance and shifted the focus of its typhoon prevention work to the prevention of heavy rainfall. From the night of the 18th to the day of the 19th, it once again conducted a dragnet investigation on 1,390 hidden danger points of geological disasters in the city, focusing on preventing geological disasters such as mudslides and flash floods, and promptly transferring more than 140,000 people in various dangerous areas.

　　Huang Shuihua, an 80-year-old old man from Sandu ‘ao, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City, was transferred from a house in a low-lying area to a safe area in the urban area the day before the typhoon landed. The old man Huang Shuihua told reporters: "The people we transferred here have food, clothes, a place to live, clean water to drink, and timely treatment when they are sick, which is the blessing of the party and the government."

　　Good mechanism to ensure "near misses"

　　On the morning of 18th, Chen Jianping, director of Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs, suddenly received a free mobile phone message: "According to the forecast of the Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Typhoon’ Seagull’ is expected to approach the coastal areas of northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang on the night of 18th, so please take precautions." Chen Jianping immediately launched the emergency plan of the unit, and arranged all the work to prevent and resist Typhoon No.7 "Seagull". Xiao Zhang, a citizen who temporarily went to work in Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs, also received the same message and quickly informed his family.

　　Timely and transparent information disclosure is a major feature of typhoon prevention in Fujian Province. The Fujian Provincial Flood Control Office revealed that by more than half an hour before "Seagull" landed in Changchun Town, Xiapu County, Fujian had sent 5.15 million pieces of typhoon prevention public welfare information to mobile phone and PHS users in the province.

　　Fujian, with "eight mountains, one water and one field", is a province with frequent geological disasters, so the mountainous areas and rural grassroots are also greatly affected by typhoons and heavy rains. According to meteorologists, under the influence of seagulls, heavy rains and torrential rains have occurred in most counties and cities in Fujian Province, and the rainfall in 21 counties, cities and districts has exceeded 100 mm, so geological disasters are more likely to occur in some areas.

　　Qiu Tingmeng, spokesman of Fujian Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, said that in order to strengthen the ability of grassroots villages to resist Taiwan and reduce disasters, Fujian Province has implemented the working mechanism of "early warning to the township, planning to the village, and responsibility to the people" this year. First, each township is equipped with a disaster prevention information receiving and republishing platform, and the early warning information is immediately transmitted to the relevant villages, units and flood control responsible persons through telephone, SMS and radio. Second, each administrative village should prepare relevant typhoon emergency plans; Third, the responsibility of each link in the typhoon prevention plan should be implemented to individuals.

　　In order to prevent the rainstorm and its secondary disasters, Zhang Changping, executive vice governor of Fujian Province, stressed that it is necessary to warn the county and township about the rainfall two hours before the rainstorm, and all localities should officially launch the disaster prevention and mitigation mechanism of "early warning to the township and pre-planning to the village", pay attention to the prevention of local rainstorms and extremely heavy rainstorms, focus on guarding and patrolling the hidden danger points of major geological disasters, and strengthen inspection and watch over dangerous reservoirs, high-water reservoirs and reservoirs upstream of densely populated areas to ensure safety.

　　Chen Rongkai, secretary of Ningde Municipal Party Committee, said that after the typhoon landed in Changchun Town, Xiapu County, Ningde City, millions of people in Ningde City were "near misses" and no one died from the disaster.

　　Although the typhoon has crossed the border, the work of preventing and resisting heavy rain in Fujian Province has not been relaxed. On the evening of 18th, Lu Zhangong, secretary of Fujian Provincial Party Committee, demanded that cadres at all levels should still go deep into the front line and command from the front, so that the plan can be effectively implemented. According to the rainfall situation, secondary disasters such as possible landslides should be closely monitored and the masses should be transferred in time. It is necessary to strengthen the responsibility mechanism, "we cannot cause losses to people’s lives and property because our work is not in place."

Editor: Li Xingcun